superordinate term for “harvest,” subsuming crop-specific activities. Twenty-five speakers from Gboko, Ushongo, and Vandeikya LGAs named the verbs they use for harvesting crops; elicited forms include:

gbídyç ‘threshing’, time ‘digging’, zôr ‘plucking’, wuhe‘uprooting’, sange ‘picking’, among others. Framed within Trier’s Semantic Field Theory, the analysis shows that each verb is a co-hyponym of súndâ,

linked by hyponymic inclusion; substitution across crop types yields ungrammaticality, confirming strict selectional restrictions. The findings reveal a rich, crop-specific hyponymic network in Tiv harvest

vocabulary, underscoring the language’s precision in encoding agricultural practices and cautioning against semantic misapplication.